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-1, Product Name: Entecavir|Adefovir Dipivoxil|Ribavirin Powder For Sale
-2, Specification & Standard: Enterprise Standard / USP /Ep /Bp /CP /JP 99.5%
-3, CAS #: 142217-69-4 /142340-99-6 /36791-04-5
-4, Description: White crystalline powder
-5, Function of Entecavir : Used for active viral replication, increasing serum transaminase ALT or liver histology showed active lesions in the treatment of chronic hepatitis b in adults.
-5, Function of Adefovir Dipivoxyl :
Adefovir Dipivoxyl is a prescription medicine used to treat infections with hepatitis B virus. Adefovir was previously called bis-POM PMEA, It is an orally-administered nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It can be formulated as the pivoxil prodrug adefovir dipivoxil.
For hepatitis b virus infection, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
-6, Function: Treatment of viral pneumonia and bronchitis, skin herpe virus infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus.
Ribavirin is a guanosine (ribonucleic) analog used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping, thus, it is a nucleosideinhibitor. Its brand names include Copegus, Rebetol, Ribasphere, Vilona, and Virazole. It is an anti-viral drug used for severe RSVinfection; hepatitis C infection, including if persistent, and often in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a; as well as some other viral infections. Ribavirin is a prodrug, which when metabolized resembles purine RNA nucleotides. In this form it interferes with RNA metabolism required for viral replication. How it exactly affects viral replication is unknown; many mechanisms have been proposed for this but none of these has been proven to date. Multiple mechanisms may be responsible for its actions.
Medical Use:
Ribavirin is used primarily to treat hepatitis C and viral hemorrhagic fevers (which is an orphan indication in most countries). In this former indication the oral (capsule or tablet) form of ribavirin is used in combination with pegylated interferon alfa. Including in people coinfected with hepatitis B, HIV and in the pediatric population. Statins may improve this combination's efficacy in treating hepatitis C. Ribavirin is the only known treatment for a variety of viral hemorrhagic fevers, including Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection, although data regarding these infections are scarce and the drug might be effective only in early stages.It is noted by the USAMRIID that "Ribavirin has poor in vitro and in vivo activity against the filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg) and the flaviviruses (dengue, yellow fever, Omsk hemorrhagic fever, and Kyasanur forest disease)" The aerosol form has been used in the past to treat respiratory syncytial virus-related diseases in children, although the evidence to support this is rather weak.
It has been used (in combination with ketamine, midazolam, andamantadine) in treatment of rabies.
Experimental data indicate that ribavirin may have useful activity against Canine distemper. Ribavirin has also been used as a treatment for herpes simplex virus. One small study found that ribavirin treatment reduced the severity of herpes outbreaks and promoted recovery, as compared with placebo treatment. Another study found that ribavirin potentiated the antiviral effect ofacyclovir.
Mechanism of Action:
RNA viruses
Ribavirin's carboxamide group can make the native nucleoside drug resemble adenosine or guanosine, depending on its rotation. For this reason, when ribavirin is incorporated into RNA, as a base analog of either adenine or guanine, it pairs equally well with either uracil or cytosine, inducing mutations in RNA-dependent replication in RNA viruses. Such hypermutation can be lethal to RNA viruses.
DNA viruses
Neither of these mechanisms explains ribavirin's effect on many DNA viruses, which is more of a mystery, especially given the complete inactivity of ribavirin's 2' deoxyribose analogue, which suggests that the drug functions only as an RNA nucleoside mimic, and never a DNA nucleoside mimic. Ribavirin 5'-monophosphate inhibits cellular inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, thereby depleting intracellular pools of GTP.
Adverse Effects:
Ribavirin should not be given with zidovudine because of the increased risk of anemia; concurrent use withdidanosine should likewise be avoided because of an increased risk of mitochondrial toxicity.